Comprehensive Safety Analysis and Protective Measures for Construction Hoists Construction hoists are the lifeline of construction sites. Their multiple safety devices, such as buffer springs, electrical interlocks, and anti-fall safety devices, coll
Created on 06.06
Comprehensive Safety Analysis and Protective Measures for Construction Hoists
Construction hoists are the lifeline of construction sites. Their multiple safety devices, such as buffer springs, electrical interlocks, and anti-fall safety devices, collectively form a comprehensive safety network that spans from prevention to emergency response, ensuring the safety of every worker and the smooth progress of the project.
01 The Importance of Construction Elevators
As an indispensable transportation device on construction sites, the safety performance of construction elevators directly impacts worker safety and the smooth progress of projects. Therefore, gaining a thorough understanding of the safety protection measures for construction elevators is of utmost importance. In the following sections, we will conduct a comprehensive analysis of the safety protection measures for construction elevators to ensure construction safety and safeguard the lives of every worker.
Construction elevators, also known as construction lifts, outdoor elevators, or passenger-cargo elevators, are frequently used personnel and cargo transportation equipment on construction sites. They are specifically designed for construction sites such as high-rise building interiors and exteriors, bridges, and chimneys, playing a crucial role in ensuring worker safety and promoting project progress.
02 Safety Protection Measures for Construction Elevators
▣ Buffer Devices
The buffer springs of construction elevators are carefully installed on spring seats connected to the base frame. This uniquely designed device provides additional safety protection for the hoist cage. In the event of an unexpected fall, the buffer device significantly reduces the impact force, ensuring that the hoist cage and counterweight make contact with the ground in a flexible manner, thereby minimizing the impact during landing.
▣ Electrical Safety Switch
To further enhance the safety of construction elevators, electrical safety switches are specially equipped. This device continuously monitors the position and speed of the hoist cage. If any abnormalities are detected, such as the hoist cage exceeding the predetermined range or moving too quickly, it will immediately activate, cut off the power supply, and trigger the warning system to ensure construction safety.
▣ Electrical Interlock Limit Switch
The travel switch of a construction elevator, also known as a limit switch, is a critical safety device. It is primarily used to control the travel of mechanical equipment, provide limit protection, and switch circuits when moving parts reach their predetermined positions. This switch typically includes a set of normally open contacts and a set of normally closed contacts to enable flexible control.
▣ Limit Switch
When the limit protection device malfunctions, the limit switch plays a critical role. It can cut off the main power supply, ensuring that it cannot automatically reset in an emergency, thereby safeguarding construction safety.
▣ Mechanical Interlocking Device
The mechanical interlocking device works in conjunction with electrical safety switches to provide dual protection for construction elevators. When personnel or cargo are entering or exiting, if the door is not fully closed or closed properly, the hoist cage will stop operating. Additionally, during the operation of the elevator equipment, if the door is accidentally opened, the control circuit of the hoist cage will be immediately disconnected, ensuring the hoist cage stops safely.
▣ Safety Door Mechanical Interlocking Device
The guardrail doors of construction elevators are equipped with mechanical latches and electrical interlock limit switches to ensure safety. During operation, if the guardrail door is opened or the mechanical latch fails, the hoist cage will immediately stop operating. Additionally, if the hoist cage is still operating and both the mechanical latch and limit switch fail, the system will activate emergency braking measures to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment.
▣ Fall arrest safety device
The fall arrest safety device is the core safety component of the construction hoist, installed inside the hoist cage. In the event of a hoist cage malfunction causing a height drop, the fall arrest safety device will smoothly brake the hoist cage at a critical moment, effectively preventing falls and ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment. To ensure its effectiveness, a fall arrest test must be conducted quarterly, and the inspection date of the fall arrest device must be checked to ensure it has not expired.
▣ Construction Elevator Overload Protector
The construction elevator overload protector is carefully installed at the connection point between the hoist cage and the drive plate, specifically at the connection pin shaft position. This device can detect changes in the weight inside the hoist cage in real time. Once the equipment detects an overload condition, it will immediately trigger an alarm and cut off the circuit to prevent the equipment from starting. Additionally, it converts the weight signal and transmits it to the weight limiter to achieve comprehensive monitoring and protection against overload conditions.
▣ Function of the Safety Hook
When the hoist cage reaches the top of the track frame safety protection facilities, the safety hook securely hooks onto the track frame. This design ensures the hoist cage does not detach from the track frame and prevents the gears and racks at the output end of the anti-fall safety device from separating, thereby comprehensively ensuring the safety of the hoist cage and preventing overturning or falling accidents.
▣ Other Safety Measures
In addition to the secure function of the safety hook, multiple other safety measures have been implemented to ensure the stability and safety of the hoist cage. These measures cover all stages from the design, manufacturing, to the operational use of the hoist cage, aiming to provide comprehensive and multi-layered protection for personnel and equipment, preventing any potential safety risks.
▣ Emergency Stop Switch
To address any emergencies that may arise during hoist cage operation, the operator can press the emergency stop switch at any time to immediately halt the hoist cage's movement, ensuring safety.
▣ Floor Call Button and Floor Safety Door
To enable the driver inside the construction hoist cage to promptly receive call information from each floor, a closed-loop two-way electrical communication device, the floor call button, has been installed.
At the access points for material transport and personnel entry/exit on each floor, a safety door has been installed. This door automatically locks during hoist operation to prevent personnel from opening it. Additionally, the dimensions of the floor doors are strictly regulated: the height must not be less than 1.8 meters, the width difference between the floor door and the hoist cage door must not exceed 120 millimeters, the horizontal distance between the floor door and the closed hoist cage door must be controlled within 200 millimeters, and the distance between the lower edge of the floor door and the passway must be less than 50 millimeters. This ensures safety while also facilitating construction operations and personnel access.
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